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- ASTROPHYSICAL CONCEPTS, 2nd ed.
- by Martin Harwit
- Springer-Verlag, New York 1988
- QB461.H37 1988 523.01 87-32387
- ISBN 0-387-96683-8
-
- STEPHEN HAWKING'S A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME, A READER'S COMPANION
- Edited by Stephen Hawking
- Prepared by Gene Stone
- Bantam Books, New York 1992
- QB981.M377S74 1992 523.1--dc20 92-6526 CPI
- ISBN 0-553-07772-4
-
-
-
- In a sense each of us has been inside a star; in a sense each of us has
- been in the vast empty space between stars; and--if the universe ever
- had a beginning--each of us was there!
-
- Every molecule in our bodies contains matter that once was subjected to
- the tremendous temperatures and pressures at the center of a star. This
- is where the iron in our red blood cells originated. The oxygen we
- breathe, the carbon and nitrogen in our tissues, and the calcium in our
- bones, also were formed through the fusion of smaller atoms at the
- center of a star.
-
- Terrestrial ores containing uranium, plutonium, lead, and many other
- massive atoms must have been formed in a supernova explosion--the
- self-destruction of a star in which a sun's mass is hurled into space
- at huge velocity. In fact, most of the matter on earth and in our
- bodies must have gone through such a catastrophic event!
-
- The elements lithium, beryllium, and boron, which we find in traces on
- earth, seem to have originated through cosmic ray bombardment in
- interstellar space. At that epoch the earth we now walk on was
- distributed so tenuously that a gram of soil would have occupied a
- volume the size of the entire planet.
-
- To account for the deuterium, the heavy hydrogen isotope found on
- earth, we may have to go back to a cosmic explosion signifying the
- birth of the entire universe.
-
- How do we know all this? And how sure are we of this knowledge?
-
- ASTROPHYSICAL CONCEPTS was written to answer such questions and to
- provide a means for making astrophysical judgements. We are just
- beginning a long and exciting journey into the universe. There is much
- to be learned, much to be discarded, and much to be revised. We have
- excellent theories, but theories are guides for understanding the
- truth. They are not truth itself. We must therefore continually revise
- them if they are to keep leading us in the right direction.
-
- ASTROPHYSICAL CONCEPTS presents a wide range of astrophysical topics in
- sufficient depth to give the reader a general quantitative
- understanding of the subject. The book outlines cosmic events but does
- not portray them in detail--it provides a series of astrophysical
- sketches, an approach that befits the present uncertainties and
- changing views in astrophysics. Throughout the book Harwit emphasizes
- astrophysical concepts. This means that objects such as asteroids,
- stars, supernova, or quasars are not described in individual chapters
- or sections. Instead they are mentioned throughout the text whenever
- relevant physical principles are discussed.
-
-
-
-
- Stephen Hawking's A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME is a worldwide publishing
- phenomenon, with more than five and a half million copies in print in
- thirty languages, and its author hailed as the most brilliant
- theoretical physicist since Einstein. STEPHEN HAWKING'S A BRIEF HISTORY
- OF TIME, A READER'S COMPANION is the essential companion volume to A
- BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME and to the award-winning documentary film that it
- inspired.
-
- From the inception of discussions with filmmakers, Hawking insisted
- that he did not want a filmed biography, but a work that could
- illuminate his research for a vast new audience. The result is a vivid
- oral history contributed by Hawking, members of his family, lifelong
- friends, colleagues, and the world's leading physicists. Its also a
- dynamic tour through the evolution and nature of Hawking's scientific
- concepts.
-
- Derek Powney - "[As Undergraduates] we were asked to read a chapter,
- chapter ten, in a book called ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM by Bleaney and
- Bleaney, an unlikely combination, a husband-and-wife team. At the end
- of the chapter there where thirteen questions, and all of them were
- final honors questions. Our tutor, Bobby Berman, said, 'Do as many as
- you can.'
-
- "So we had a go and I discovered very rapidly that I couldn't do any of
- them. Richard [Bryan] was my partner, and we worked together for a week
- and managed to do one and a half questions, of which we felt very
- proud. Gordon [Berry] refused all assistance and managed to do one by
- himself. Stephen, as always, hadn't started. Stephen didn't do very
- much work when he was up.
-
- "We said to him, 'It's no good, Hawking, you have to get up for
- breakfast in the morning.' This would indeed be an event of its own,
- because he didn't get up for breakfast. He looked at us thoughtfully,
- and the next morning he did get up for breakfast. Being good little
- boys, we trotted off to our three lectures of the morning, whilst
- Stephen didn't. He went up to his rooms at nine o'clock, or five to
- nine, say, because it was only five minutes up to the labs from
- University.
-
- "We came back about twelve and down came Stephen. We were in the
- college gateway, in the lodge. 'Ah, Hawking!' I said. 'How many have
- you managed to do, then?'
-
- "'Well,' he said, 'I've only had time to do the first ten.' We fell
- about with laughter, which just froze on our lips because he was
- looking at us very quizzically. We suddenly realized that that's
- exactly what he had done--the first ten. I think at that point we
- realized that it was not just that we weren't in the same street, we
- weren't on the same planet".
-
- Kip Thorne - "there are many different approaches to quantum gravity,
- to the marriage between general relativity and quantum theory. The one
- I find most appealing is the approach that Hartle and Harking have
- taken with their descriptions of how quantum mechanics and gravity are
- married. To me it smells right. When you're working at the ultimate
- frontiers of science, of physics, you have to rely in great measure on
- how something smells, on how it feels..."
-
- John Wheeler - "I had worked with the other great man in the quantum
- debate, Niels Bohr, in Copenhagen. And I know no greater debate in the
- last hundreds of years than the debate between Bohr and Einstein, no
- greater debate between two greater men, or one that extended over a
- longer period of time--twenty-eight years--at a higher level of
- colleagueship. To put it in brief: Does the world exist out there
- independent of us, as Einstein thought; or, as Bohr thought, is there
- some sense in which we, through our choice of observing equipment, have
- something to do with what comes about..."
-
- A READER'S COMPANION is meticulously annotated with biographical notes
- for each participant and explanatory passages that amplify the
- scientific ideas they discuss. Drawings and graphics illuminate the
- scientific concepts at issue, including black holes and the arrow of
- time. A READER'S COMPANION is an immensely moving, endlessly
- fascinating portrait of one of the great minds of the twentieth
- century.
-
-
-
- -- S. Wormley
-
-
-